Section 81 - Exceptions to causing an event

The general provisions of Part One with respect to causing an event are, in their application to the matters of this Chapter, subject to the following explanations and modifications, namely,

(a) a person has not caused harm to another person by omitting to supply the other person with the necessaries of health and life, unless it is proved against that person that the other person, by reason of age or physical or mental state, or by reason of control by the accused person, could not by reasonable exertion have avoided the harm;

(b) the disease or disorder which a person suffers as the inward effect of grief, terror, or any other emotion is not harm caused by another person, although the grief, terror, or emotion has been caused by that other person whether with intent to cause harm or otherwise;

(c) the harm which a person suffers by execution of a sentence of a Court in consequences of a prosecution instituted, prosecuted, or procured, or of evidence given or procured to be given, by another person, whether in good faith or not, is caused by that other person; and

(d) except as in this section expressly provided, a person is not excused from liability to punishment for causing harm to another person, on the grounds that the other person personally, by trespass, negligence, act, or omission, contributed to causing the harm.